|
|
| |
Textile related developments |
|
 Early
period of mankind to Bronze Age (~ 35,000 – ~ 500 BC) |
| Start of Early
Palaeolithic |
35.000 BC |
| |
|
| The last Neandertal men are dying
out |
28.000 BC |
| Cromagnon people in today's South
of France |
25.000 BC |
| |
|
|
| ~ 25,000 BC |
Twined weavings made of bast fibres found
at the foot of the Pavlov hill, 35 km south of Brno, Czech Republic
(comparable finds in the Ukraine, Moldova and Central France
from 15,000 BC; textile fragments from Asia, North America,
South America and the Near East are dated between 11,000 and
8,000 BC). Source: TF 2/96, pp. 14-15 |
| ~ 18,000 BC |
Bone-needle with eye |
| ~ 8,000 BC |
Beginning of the Neolithic revolution: Domestication
of the sheep; first weavings depicted on clay tablets from the
Near East; first handlooms |
| ~ 7,000 BC |
Woven and intertwined textiles made of flax
fibres (linen) from Anatolian sites |
| ~ 6,500 BC |
Woven rug findings in
Çatal Hüyük (Anatolia); wool processing |
| ~ 6.000 BC |
Warp-weighted looms presumed in Çatal Hüyük |
|
| Start of the
Neolithic |
5.000 BC |
| |
|
| Building of the first towns in
Mesopotamia; first megalithic graves in West-Europe |
4.300 BC |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| Sumerian town states, first appearance
of writing; agriculture all through Europe |
3.400 BC |
| |
|
|
| ~ 5,000 BC |
Spreading of sheep breeding throughout the
Mediterranean area, from the Black Sea along the valleys of
Danube and Rhine up to present Belgium
Egyptian mummies are draped in linen |
| ~ 4,200 BC |
Textiles made of hemp are recorded in the
Chinese Yang-Shao culture |
| ~ 4,000 BC |
Spreading sheep breeding up to Western Europe
and the British isles; comparable time of spreading for flax/linen
and hemp culture; use of spindle and spinning wharve
wool processing in Egypt – horizontal loom with heald
Babylonians wore woven wool garments |
| 4th millennium |
Wool and linen weaving in Mesopotamia |
| ~ 3,500 BC |
Ships on the Nile have linen sail-cloth |
| ~ 3,000 BC |
Findings of woven cotton in the Indus Valley,
Pakistan
In Britain woollen garments are worn |
| ~ 2,800 BC |
Start of the cultivation of silkworms in China
(according to Chinese sources)
Egyptian linen fabrics of very fine quality (60 warp ends per
cm) |
| until 2,500 BC |
Linen culture is predominant over wool production
north of the Alps |
|
| Start of the Bronze Age in
Europe |
2,000 BC |
| |
|
| Flowering of Minoan culture on Crete |
1.600 BC |
| Appearance of the Phoenician alphabet |
1.100 BC |
| |
|
| Rise of the Kingdom of Israel |
1.000 BC |
| Celtic fortifications in West Europe |
|
| |
|
| Greek colonies; Etruscans in Italy; Carthage;
Iron/Hallstatt culture; democracies in Athens and Rome |
800 – 509 |
|
| ~ 2,000 BC |
Phoenicians are using linen sail-cloth for
their sailing ships on the Mediterranean Sea |
| ~ 1,100 BC |
Findings of cotton clothing in Ninive, Mesopotania
Introduction of knitting presumed |
| ~ 1,000 BC |
Babylon has a trade monopoly on Indian cotton
fabrics
First silk findings in an Egyptian cemetery on the Assuan dam
Arising of a world economy at the threshold from Stone Age to
Bronze Age: East-West transocean trade routes to Europe by the
sea and overland across the Asian plains (early Silk Roads)
|
| ~ 700 BC |
Cotton plantations in Assyria, Mesopotania |
|
Introduction |
| Antiquity
(500 BC to 600 AD) |
| Beginning of Antiquity |
500 BC |
| |
|
| Celts in North Italy, decline of the Etruscan
culture |
400 BC |
| Alexander conquers the Persian empire, North-West
India and Egypt; |
334-325 |
| Punic wars (Carthage–Rome) |
264-146 |
| |
|
| January 44 Caesar life-time dictator, murdered
March 15, 44 |
44 BC |
| Augustus emperor of Rome |
27 BC |
|
| 450 BC |
Herodotus mentions reports on the cotton plant
seen in India. |
| 4th century BC |
Aristotle in his History of Animals was the
first Western writer to describe the silkworm seen in Khotan,
Central Asia. |
| ~ 200 BC |
Introduction of the treadled loom and the
draw loom in China |
| 63 BC |
The Roman general Pompeius returns from the
Near East, taking along with him from there silk fabrics made
in Seres (China); during this era silk became the leading cloth
of the Roman Empire. |
| 58-51 BC |
Caesar's troops are confronted with high-level
linen production in Flanders (according to Plinius and Virgil) |
|
| Birth of Christ |
± 0 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| Greatest expansion of the Roman Empire |
116 AD |
| Emperor Constantine legitimates christianity |
313 AD |
| |
|
| The West-Goths under Alarich conquer Rome |
410 AD |
| The Angles and Saxons are settling in Britannia
|
450 AD |
| Greatest expansion of the Sassanide Empire |
531-579 AD |
| Birth of Mohammed |
570 AD |
|
| ± 0 |
In the province Tarraconensis (northeastern
Spain) the Romans crossed the Tarrentine sheep with the Laodicean
sheep of Asia Minor to produce the ancestor of today's merino
sheep |
| 1st century AD |
Cotton plantation in upper Egypt (according
to Plinius) |
| 2nd century AD |
Revolving warp beam/harness loom, probably
arriving in Europe from China via India |
| 5th century AD |
Two centres of damask weaving are established
in Damascus and Constantinopel |
| ~ 500 AD |
Hand-spinning wheel used in Asia |
| 6th century AD |
Knitted clothing in upper Egypt |
| 550 AD |
The knowledge on silkworm breeding arrives
in Byzantium (Emperor Justinian 552-565) |
| 565 AD |
Finding of a very refined hemp weaving from
the burial place of Merovingian Queen Adelgunde, buried in Paris |
|
| Introduction |
| Middle
Ages (600 – 1492/Columbus) |
| Start of the Islamic chronology |
622 |
| |
|
| Arabs conquer Palestine, Egypt, Sassanide
Empire, Spain and Sicily |
636-778 |
| Charlemagne crowned emperor |
800 |
|
| 712 AD |
The first known mention of sheep in England |
| 768 AD |
Charlemagne establishes textile centres in
Lyon and Rouen; a few years later he institutes cloth fairs
throughout western Europe. |
| around 800 |
Law by Charlemagne issuing rules for the plantation
of hemp |
|
| 9th century |
|
| |
|
| Vikings under Rurik in Novgorod |
862 |
| Cyrillic, oldest Slavic alphabet |
863 |
| Magyars are settling in today's Hungary |
895 |
|
| 9th century |
Arabs conquer the Southern part of the Mediterranean
area, including Sicily and Spain. They bring along high-level
textile culture from Egypt and the Near East, among other things
improved sheep breeding, cotton plantation, silk production
and the knitting technique from Upper Egypt.
Start of the medieval industrial revolution in Europe |
|
| 10th century |
|
| |
|
| Flowering time of Byzantium, and of the Holy
Roman Empire under the Ottonians |
1,000 |
|
| 10th century |
In the early tenth century cotton raising
and cotton weaving are brought by the Arabs to Spain; they also
foster cotton culture in Sicily, Andalusia, is developing to
become Europe's most important silk region |
| 925 AD |
Wool dyers' guilds are established in Germany;
the rise of the guild system is instrumental in the growth of
the textile industry in Flanders, Brabant, France, Italy and
Germany |
| 961 AD |
Indoor cloth halls are established in Flanders,
in Bruges, Ghent and Ypres |
| ~ 1,000 |
Venice dominates the textile raw material
and finished products market; it is the centre of Asiatic and
European trade.
Horizontal treadle loom, worked on in sitting position: start
of shaft weaving in Europe. Weaving is done by male weavers
(monks in monasteries) |
|
| 11th century |
|
| |
|
| Normans (Vikings) are conquering Britannia,
Southern Italy/Sicily |
1,000-1072 |
|
| 11th century |
Beginning of long-distance trade with wool
due to the spreading of agriculture on fertile soils; England
is becoming the raw wool supplier for the early-capitalistic
wool processing centres in Flanders (Ypern, Ghent, Brugge, Arras,
Saint-Omer and Douai) and Florence. |
| mid-11th century |
Development of northern Italy as a cotton
processing region with raw cotton coming from Alexandria via
Genua.
During the Christian regain of Spain, the silk production in
Catalonia, Aragon, Murcia, Valencia, Toledo and Malaga is gaining
importance |
| 1086 |
First water-driven fulling-mill for woollen
fabrics at the western part of Normandy |
|
| 12th century |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| Frederick I (Barbarossa) crowned emperor |
1155 |
|
| 12th century |
The Cistercian order is improving sheep breeding
by cross-breeding
Beginning of the bloom of Spanish and Florentine knitting art
The northern-Italian cotton processing industry is having a
boom, exporting yarns to Ulm and Augsburg, Germany
Start of silk weaving in France, in Reims, Poitiers and Troyes
|
| 1147 |
The first white mulberry trees from Syria
for sericulture are planted in France. |
| until 1200 |
Arab silk weaving in Palermo, Sicily |
|
| 13th century |
|
| |
|
| Start of the Carthar Wars |
1209 (-1229) |
| France becomes leading power in Europe |
1214 |
|
| 13th century |
In Brabant, Flanders and Florence the home-industry
system is consolidated uncompromisingly; a proletariat of textile
workers is coming up.
In Lucca first silk-weaving mills are set up.
In Barcelona the Guild of Cotton Manufacturers is established.
Introduction of the flax scutcher
Introduction of buttons (1204) |
| 1245 |
First recorded strike by textile workers in
Douai |
| 1250 |
Nettle fibres are recorded as "Swedish hemp",
spreading up till the 19th century to England, Germany, France
(Picardie) and Italy (Tuscany) |
| 1268 |
The "Hindustan Wheel", a hand-spinning wheel
for cotton (presumably from India) is presented in Paris and
further adapted for wool, doubling the output. |
| 1272 |
The "filatoio", a silk reeling, twisting and
winding device, is recorded in written form for the first time
in Italy. |
| 1290 |
Woad begins to be extensively raised in Germany,
especially in Thuringia (the only blue dye-stuff known at that
time) |
| 1296 |
Edward I from England imposes an export embargo
for raw wool in favour of the English wool industry. England
becomes the leading export country for woollen cloth. |
|
| 14th century |
|
| |
|
| Start of the Renaissance in Italy |
~ 1300 |
| |
|
| Outbreak of the 100 years war between England
and France (until 1453) |
1337 |
| |
|
| |
|
| Hanse agreement under the leadership of Lübeck |
1356 |
| Start of the "Great Occidental Schism" |
1378 |
|
| 14th century |
Venice to become the leading trading place
for cotton from Islamic-Arab dominated areas, and Milan to become
the yarn supplier for all Europe.
Large-scale cultivation of woad in Languedoc, France (until
the 16th century); exports to Flanders, Italy, England and Spain
|
| 1313 |
With Lucca as point of departure silk weaving
is spreading to Florence, Bologna, Venice and Milan. |
| 1340 |
Florence is becoming the most powerful city-state
in Europe; the Medici family being patrons of textiles, merchandising,
and also of the textile-banking business. |
| 1370 |
Needle-making as a profession |
| 1380 |
Introduction of the treadle spinning wheel |
|
| 15th century |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| End of Mongolian rule over East Europe |
1480 |
| Columbus lands in Central America |
1492 |
|
| 15th century |
Beginning of Venice's blooming period as metropolis
of velvet and silk production.
Cotton processing is spreading from the south of Germany to
Austria, Silesia, Slovakia and to the region around Frankfurt
and Cologne. |
| 1450 |
Lyon is granted the trade monopoly for silk
fabrics by the French king. |
| 1480 |
Discovery of the continuous-producing flyer
spinning wheel. |
| 1490 |
In his "Codex Atlanticus", Leonardo da Vinci
is publishing sketches of spinning machines, automatic yarn
dividers, yarn winding machines and warping machines; around
1497 he develops a flyer spinning wheel with yarn divider. |
|
| Introduction |
| The
New Age (1492-1783 Independence of America) |
| 16th century |
|
| |
|
| Start of the Spanish and Portuguese conquests
in today's Latin America |
1508/1521 |
| Start of the Reformation in Germany |
1517 |
| The Turks lay siege to Vienna (1st attack) |
1529 |
| Start of Russian conquests in Siberia |
1552/1556 |
|
| 16th Century |
Flanders starts becoming the most important
centre of flax/linen industry in Europe.
At the beginning of the century a culture of needle lace is
emerging in Venice and, from the second part of the century,
a bobbin lace culture in Flanders. |
| from 1520 to 1530 |
The "Saxony Wheel" is developed in northern
Germany (Brunswick), a spinning wheel with flyer and treadle;
Saxony is developing into a centre of linen production. |
| 1589 |
"Knitting Frame" by William Lee, a knitting
device for wool and silk production in Nottingham |
|
| 17th century |
|
| |
|
| British East-Indian Company |
1600 |
| Dutch East-Indian Company |
1602 |
| Sweden to become an influential power in Europe |
1611 |
| Start of the 30-years war (until 1648) |
1618 |
| |
|
| Louis XIV becomes king of France |
1648 |
| English parliament establishes democracy |
1649 |
| Turks beleagering Vienna are beaten off |
1683 |
|
| 17th century |
France is becoming the leading silk producer
in Europe; in Italy, Bologna takes over from Venice as the leading
silk fabric producer. |
| 1607 |
In Italy, the "filatoio da acqua", a water-driven
silk reeling, twisting and winding device is recorded in the
book "Nova Teatro di Macchina et Edificii" by Vittorio Zonga
(construction system presumably from China and India); the machine
shows up in France from 1670 on and also in England from 1718
on. |
| from 1631 |
Indigo becomes the competitor of woad as source
of blue dye-stuff. |
| 1685 |
Edict of Nantes: Expulsion of protestants
from France, exodus of craft workers, a. o. weavers, dyers,
textile printers to Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands and
England
At the end of the century start of silk industry in Prussia
with raw silk from Italy Textile printing industry in Switzerland. |
| 1689 |
The first calico printworks are established
in Augsburg. |
|
| 18th century |
|
| |
|
| Spanish Succession War |
1701-1714 |
| Russia becomes a European power |
1709 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| Frederick II (the Great) king of Prussia |
1740 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| The Seven Years War in Europe (strengthening
England's colonial power) |
1756-1763 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| First division of Poland (between Austria,
Prussia, Russia) |
1772 |
| Independence of the United States of America
|
1783 |
|
| around 1700 |
The age of water-powered engines
England has 6 million inhabitants and – thanks to the colonies
– the highest standard of living in Europe. |
| 18th century |
Cotton from India is more and more becoming
a competitor of domestic wool.
The chemical knowledge of dyeing and mordanting operations is
progressing
The region around Valencia (to a lesser extent also Murcia)
is developing to become a leading silk centre. |
| 1728 |
M. Falcon invents a chain of cards for working
the draw loom to give figure fabric. |
| 1738 |
Patent on the invention of the flying shuttle
for the hand weaving loom by John Kay; weaving production is
improved by about 50 %, also width fabrics are now possible.
Patent for a drawing rollers spinning machine by Lewis Paul,
planned for cotton but adapted for wool processing. |
| 1753 |
For the first time cotton is traded at the
London stock exchange. |
| 1755 |
An English patent for a forerunner of the
sewing machine by Charles Frederic Weisenthal |
| 1760-1764 |
The age of factory work is starting!
(patent) Development of the "Spinning Jenny" by James Hargreaves
rings in the machine age: the shortness of yarn in the weaving
mills has disappeared; compared to the flyer spinning wheel
the spinning process is 3-6 times quicker; weaver and spinner
are now producing at the same efficiency. |
| 1769 |
"Waterframe Spinning Machine" by Richard Arkwright
is being patented. |
| 1770/71 |
R. Arkwright is mechanizing the whole cotton
spinning process in a newly erected factory; he has cotton spun,
coming from India, North Africa and Brasil (between 1771 and
1790 English raw cotton import is increasing from 4 to 31 million
£ per year) |
| 1770-1781 |
(patent) Development of the "Mule" spinning
machine by improving the principles of the "Jenny" by Samuel
Crompton; beginning of the fine count spinning process (with
up to 1,000 spindles per machine later on) |
|
| Introduction |
| The
19th Century (from 1783-1914) |
| |
|
| |
|
| Start of the French Revolution |
1789 |
| France to become a Republic |
1792 |
|
| 1785 |
Patent on the invention of a "Power Loom",
a steam-powered mechanical loom by Edmund Cartwright, used from
1787 in weaving mills with steam engines.
Invention of printing from wooden rollers by Scotsman Thomas
Bell; the working production of the textile printer is 20 times
quicker now. |
| 1791 |
Improved knitting frame by William Dawson
Patent on a circular knitting frame by Decroix from France |
| 1793/94 |
Patent on the "Cotton Gin" machine to separate
the cotton fibres from the seeds by Eli Whitney |
| 1800 |
Warp Knitting Frame with continuous work-advancing-motion
by Balthasar Krembs |
|
| 19th century |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| Napoleon Bonaparte crowned emperor Continental
System; |
1804 |
| Embargo of trade with Great Britain by Napoleon
(until 1815) |
1806 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| Greece independent of the Ottoman Empire |
1828 |
| Polish revolt against Russian rulership |
1830/31 |
| Abolition of slavery in the British empire |
1833 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| Civil revolution movements all over Europe |
1848 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| Abolition of serfdom in Russia; |
1861 |
| German-French war; Wilhelm I, king of Prussia,
to become German emperor; |
1870/71 |
| Serbia, Bulgaria and Romania independent of
the Ottoman empire |
1878 |
|
| 19th Century |
Age of the steam-powered machines (1769-1784)
developments by Watt and Newcomen, patents are expiring in the
year 1800 |
| 1801 |
"Dressing Frame", mechanical warping device
by Radcliff |
| 1805 |
Patent on pattern weaving machine with punched
cards by Joseph-Marie Charles Jacquard |
| 1807-1817 |
Development of special machines for spinning,
weaving, knitting and sewing a. o. the wet spinning method by
Philippe de Girard in France for jute and flax |
| 1820 |
By decision of the government, Lodz/Poland
is being destined to become an industrial location, from 1830-50
Lodz is developing to become a dominant production site for
cotton. |
| 1823 |
Development of the flat-stitch embroidery
machine by Konrad Altherr in Teufen, Switzerland, gaining great
importance in the Swiss embroidery industry ten years later. |
| 1825-1830 |
"Selfactor", automatic spinning machine, improved
principle of the Mule spinning machine by Richard Roberts, England |
| 1826 |
Winning of anilin by dry distillation of Indigo |
| 1828-1838 |
Development of improved respectively special
spinning and knitting machine in the USA and England, a. o.
1830 in the USA the ring-spinning machine by John Thorpe (from
1850 on used in England, from 1900 on predominantly used world-wide)
|
| 1839 |
Winning of cellulose from wood by A. Payen,
France |
| 1842 |
Production of glass threads using spinning
nozzles, glass fiber weaving by Louis Schwabe, first shown in
Manchester
Clarification of the composition of anilin by August Wilhelm
von Hofmann, Germany |
| 1845 |
"Guncotton" (cellulose nitrate), discovery
of nitrocellulose by Christian Friedrich Schönbein, Basel
Patent for cotton mercerisation by John Mercer. |
| 1846 |
Patent for the sewing machine made by Elias
Howe, USA |
| 1850 |
First patent for a cotton picking machine
Invention of the jeans by Levi Strauss |
| 1851 |
Sewing machine with improved work-advancing-motion
by Isaak Merrit Singer, USA |
| 1855 |
Patent for the forerunner of nitrocellulose
silk by George Philippe Audemars, Switzerland
First aniline dye-stuff "Mauvein" by William Henry Perkin, England
|
| 1857 |
Discovery of the forerunner of cuprammonium
rayon by Eduard Schweizer, Germany |
| 1858 |
Development of azo dye-stuff by Johann Peter
Griess, Germany |
| 1883/84 |
"Artificial silk", threads made of nitrocellulose
for electric bulbs by Joseph Wilson; German patent
Artificial silk made from dinitrocellulose by Hilaire Bernigaud
Count of Chardonnet de Grange |
| 1889 |
Count of Chardonnet is showing nitro silk
at the World Expo in Paris |
| 1891 |
Start of the nitro silk production in Besançon |
| 1892 |
Patent for spinnable viscose, produced by
Charles Federick Cross, England |
| 1895 |
Start of cuprammonium rayon production by
Max Fremery and Johann Urban, Germany |
| 1897 |
Loom with electric engine by Werner von Siemens,
Germany |
| 1899 |
Discovery of the automatic bobbin-changing
loom by Northrop, a US American |
|
| 20th century |
|
| Balcan wars (pushing back the Ottoman Turks) |
1912/13 |
| Start of the 1st World War (until 1918) |
1914 |
|
| 1905 |
Cellulose acetate yarn in dry-spinning process
by Eickengrün and Beckert, Germany
Viscose factory of Courtauld Ltd. in Coventry
|
|
| Introduction |
| Modern
Times (from 1915 until today) |
| Russian revolution and civil war |
1917-1921 |
| |
|
| Mussolini's march to Rome |
1922 |
| Josef Stalin on power in the USSR |
1925 |
| |
|
| |
|
| Adolf Hitler to become German Chancellor of
the Reich |
1933 |
| Spanish civil war |
1936 - 1939 |
| |
|
| Conference of Munich: Great Britain and France
are accepting the annexation of the Czech territory by Nazi
Germany |
1938 |
| Start of the 2nd World War (until 1945) |
1939 |
| |
|
| |
|
| Wannsee Conference on the "Endlösung der Judenfrage" |
1942 |
| Setting up the Council of Europe |
1949 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| Hungary revolt |
1956 |
| Setting up of the E.E.C. (European Economic
Community) and start of "Sputnik I" |
1957 |
| Building of the Berlin wall |
1961 |
| Student revolts and "Prague Spring" |
1968/69 |
| Michail Gorbatschov on power in the USSR |
from 1985 |
|
| 1918 |
Spinning machine with electric engine by J.P.
Laertsch in Winterthur, Switzerland |
| 1920 |
Investigation of the macro-molecule structure
by Hermann Staudinger; the polymerisation is used for spinnable
fibers.
The company DuPont, USA, is the first to produce artificial
silk. |
| 1928 |
Weaving machine with gripper shuttle by R.
Rossmann, Germany; later put to perfection by the Swiss company
Sulzer |
| from 1930 |
Spinning and weaving mills are equipped with
dust vacuum and ventilation devices. |
| 1935 |
Casein fibre discovered by Antonio Feretti
in Italy and produced under the name "Lanital".
A polyamid made up of adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine,
developed by Carothers, is patented in 1937 and comes on the
market in 1938 under the name of "nylon"; in 1940 the first
nylon stockings are sold. |
| 1938 |
Paul Schlack has succeeded in the polymerisation
of caprolactam, the result is callled "perlon" and has been
spun for the first time in 1939 by IG Farben, but only arrives
on the market in 1950. |
| 1939 |
The companies Bayer and Kurz are making acrylonitrile
from acetylene and hydrocyanic acid, the point of departure
for polyacrylic fibers produced for the first time in 1942 in
Germany by Herbert Rein and at the same time by DuPont in the
USA. |
| 1941 |
The polyester fibre is developed in England
by John Rex Whinfield and James Tennan Dickson (patent) |
| 1950 |
The mechanisation of cotton picking - developed
since 1928 (John Rust, patent for a cotton picking machine)
– comes to an end.
V. Scaty is developing air-jet weaving looms. |
| from 1952 |
After Perlon (1950), Nylon (1952), Dralon
and Diolen, Trevira (1955), Lycra (1959 in the USA), aramid-,
carbon- and silicate fibres are on the market in Euope. |
| 1953 |
Scaty, Mohelniky and Zahradnik are developing
the water jet loom. |
| 1958/59 |
Non-iron and soil-release cotton clothing
are entering the market. |
| around 1965 |
In the Czech Republic the rotor spinning machine
is developed.
The German Götzfried is building the whirl-air jet spinning
machine. |
| 1980 |
Between 1900 and 1980 the world population
increased from 1.5 to 4.6 billion. The world fibre production
increased from 3.5 to 31 billion tons per year, which means
that fibre usage per head of the population tripled within this
period:
53 % natural fibres/hair (cotton, wool, linen etc.)
35 % fully synthetic fibres (polyester, polyamide, polyacrylic
etc.)
12 % cellulose fibres (viscose) |
|
|
Introduction |
